Engineering Geology

Engineering Geology

Numerical Modeling of the Effects of Soil Reinforcement on Uplift Resistance of Buried Pipelines

Authors
Majid Mahdi
Hooshang Katebi
Tabriz University
10.18869/acadpub.jeg.11.4.427
Abstract
Introduction

Recently, several studies on buried pipelines have been conducted to determine their uplift behavior as a function of burial depth, type of soil, and degree of compaction, using mathematical, numerical and experimental modeling.

One of the geosynthetics applications is the construction of a reinforced soil foundation to increase the bearing capacity of shallow spread footings. Recently, a new reinforcement element to improve the bearing capacity of soils has been introduced and numerically studied by Hatef et al. The main idea behind the new system is adding anchors to ordinary geogrid. This system has been named as Grid-Anchor (it is not a trade name yet). In this system, a foundation that is supported by the soil reinforced with Grid-Anchor is used; the anchors are made from 10×10×10 mm cubic elements. The obtained results indicate that the Grid-Anchor system of reinforcing can increase the bearing capacity 2.74 times greater than that for ordinary geogrid and 4.43 times greater than for non-reinforced sand...../files/site1/files/0Extended_Abstract6.pdf
Keywords
 Uplift Resistance
Buried Pipelines
Numerical Modeling
Reinforced Sand
Geogrid
Grid-Anchor. 
.. Koseki J., Matsuo O., Tanaka S., "Uplift Damage to Sewer Pipes in Towada City Caused by the 1994 Sanriku-Haruka-oki Earthquake", Proceedings of the second Japan-UK workshop on Implications of Recent Earthquakes on Seismic Risk, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, (1998) 97-108. ## 2. Shinozuka M., Ballantyne D., Borcherdt R., Buckle I., O’Rourke T., Schiff A., "The Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of January 17, 1995. Performance of Lifelines", Technical Report of NCEER, Buffalo, NY, (1995). ## 3. Sitar N., "Geotechnical Reconnaissance of the Effects of January 17, 1995, Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake, Japan", Report No, UCB/EERC-95/01, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California at Berkeley (1995). ## 4. Ling H. I., Mohri Y., Kawabata T., Liu H., Bruke C., Sun L., "Centrifugal Modeling of Seismic Behavior of Large-Diameter Pipe in Liquefiable Soil", Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, (2003) 1092-1101. ## 5. Cheuk C. Y., White D. J., Bolton M. D., "Uplift Mechanics of Pipes Buried in Sand", Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 134(2) (2008) 154-163. ## 6- Mohri Y., Kawabata T., Fujita N., "Large-scale experiment on shallow cover for buried pipeline reinforced with geosynthetics", Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 52 (2001) 1-13. ## 7- Newson T. A., Deljoui P., "Finite element modelling of upheaval buckling of buried offshore pipelines in clayey soils", Soil and Rock Behavior and Modeling (2006) 351-358. ## 8- Thusyanthan N. I., Ganesan S. A. Bolton M. D., Allan P., "Upheaval buckling resistance of pipelines buried in clayey backfill", 18th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (2008) 6-11. ## 9. Selvadurai A. P. S., "The Enhancement of the Uplift Capacity of Buried Pipelines by the Use of Geogrids", Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 124 (8) (1989). ## 10. Faizi K., Jahed Armaghani D., Momeni E., Nazir R., Tonnizam Mohamad E., "Uplift Resistance of Buried Pipelines Enhanced by Geogrid", Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 51 (4) (2014). ## 11- Faizi K., Jahed Armaghani D., Sohaei H., Rashid A. S. A., Nazir R. "Deformation model of sand around short piles under pullout test", Journal of Measurement, 63 (2015) 110-119. ## 12. Mosallanezhad M., Hataf N., Ghahramani A., "Experimental study of bearing capacity of granular soils reinforced with innovative grid-anchor system", Geotech. Geol. Eng. 26 (3) (2008) 299-312. ## 13. Alamshahi S., Hataf N., "Bearing capacity of strip footings on sand slopes reinforced with geogrid and gride-anchor", Geotext.Geomembr. 27 (3) (2009) 217-226. ## 14. Mosallanezhad M., Hataf N., Ghahramani A., "Three dimensional bearing capacity analysis of granular soils reinforced with innovative grid-anchor system", Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. B-Eng. 34 (2010) 319-334. ## 15. Boushehrian A. H., Hataf N., Ghahramani A., "Numerical study of cyclic behavior of shallow foundations on sand reinforced with geogrid and grid-anchor", World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 58 (2009) 607-610. ## 16. Boushehrian A. H., Hataf N., Ghahramani A., "Modeling of the cyclic behavior of shallow foundations resting on geomesh and grid-anchor reinforced sand", Geotext.Geomembr. 29 (3) (2011) 242-248. ## 17. Hataf N., Boushehrian A. H., Ghahramani A., "Experimental and numerical behavior of shallow foundations on sand reinforced with geogrid and grid-anchor under cyclic", Sci. Iran. Trans. A-Civil Eng. 17 (1) (2010) 1-10. ## 18. Mosallanezhad M., Sadat Taghavi S. H., Hataf N., Alfaro M. C., "Experimental and numerical studies of the performance of the new reinforcement system under pull-out conditions", Geotext.Geomembr. 44 (1) (2016) 70-80. ## 19. Saboya F. A., Santiago P. C., Martins R. R., Tibana S., Ramires R. S., Araruna J. T., "Centrifuge Test to Evaluate the Geotechnical Performance of Anchored Buried Pipelines in Sand", Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, ASCE, 3 (2012) 84-97. ## 20. Itasca. FLAC-3D Version 5.0. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis (2012). ## 21. White D. J., Barefoot A. J., Bolton M. D., "Centrifuge modeling of upheaval buckling in sand", Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech., 21 (2001) 019-028. ## 22. Wang J., Haigh S. K., Forrest G., Thusyanthan N. I., "Mobilization Distance for Upheaval Buckling of Shallowly Buried Pipelines", Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, ASCE, 46 (2012) 106–114. ## 23. Niroumand H., Kassim K. A., Nazir R., "The Influence of Soil Reinforcement on the Uplift Response of Symmetrical Anchor Plate Embedded in Sand", Elsevier, Journal of Measurement, 46 (2013) 2608-2629. ## 24. Ghosh A., Bera A. K., "Effect of Geotextile Ties on Uplift Capacity of Anchors Embedded in Sand", Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 28 (2010) 567-577. ##