زمین شناسی مهندسی

زمین شناسی مهندسی

اندرکنش حفاری تونل سبزکوه و مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی در ناحیه زاگرس ایران

نویسندگان
1 سازمان مهندسی و عمران شهر تهران
2 دانشگاه کاشان
3 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
4 دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
سامانه انتقال آب سبزکوه به عنوان یک طرح انتقال آب بین ‌حوضه‌ای در منطقه سبزکوه استان چهارمحال و بختیاری و از سرشاخه‌های رود کارون برنامه‌ریزی شد. این طرح در ابتدا شامل بند انحرافی، کانال روباز و تونل بود. در مطالعات امکان‌سنجی و اولیه به مخاطرات زیست­ محیطی ناشی از اجرای طرح بر تالاب چغاخور، اکوسیستم و منابع آب زیرزمینی منطقه، به قدر کفایت اهمیت داده نشد. تنها به دلیل مشکلات تملک زمین در منطقه جنگلی چارطاق، مسیر تونل تغییر کرد و کانال نیز حذف شد. در این راستا، کلیات طرح به بند انحرافی و تونل به طول 11 کیلومتر افزایش پیدا کرد. این در حالیست که در انتخاب مسیر نهایی نیز مخاطرات زمین‌شناسی و زیست محیطی محدوده طرح به طور کامل بررسی نشد. پس از 484 متر حفاری، برخورد به گسل سولقان و هجوم یکباره آب با دبی 100 لیتر بر ثانیه و روان شدگی جبهه کار حفاری، موجب گیرکردن ماشین حفاری شد. در ادامه، زهکشی آب موجب خشک شدن چشمه آلوقره و کم آب شدن چشمه شیرکشته و تبعات زیست­ محیطی و اجتماعی منفی در منطقه شد. در این راستا، آزادسازی TBM با ساخت دو گالری کناری و تزریق و زهکشی انجام شد. در نهایت با توجه به مشکلات به وجود آمده عملیات حفاری تونل متوقف شد. چالش­های به وجود آمده در این پروژه، لزوم بررسی جامع و برنامه­ریزی در انتخاب مسیر و TBM همچنین ارزیابی زیست­محیطی در تمام مراحل و بررسی اندرکنش آن‌ها با یکدیگر را نشان می­دهد.
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