زمین شناسی مهندسی

زمین شناسی مهندسی

ویژگی‌های هیدروشیمیایی و ارزیابی خطر سلامت ناشی از آلودگی آب‌های زیرزمینی دشت بیرجند، شرق ایران

نویسندگان
دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
در این پژوهش به بررسی هیدروشیمی و وضعیت آلودگی منابع آب زیرزمینی در محدوده شهر بیرجند پرداخته شده است. به‌منظور تعیین کیفیت آب و شناسایی منشأ آلودگی، از ۲۲ حلقه چاه، ۱۲ رشته قنات و ۴ چشمه نمونه‌برداری شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی نشان داد که هدایت الکتریکی بین ۳۰۰ تا ۸۰۰۰ میکروزیمنس بر سانتی‌متر و PH بین ۷/۲۳ تا ۸/۷۱ متغیر است. بر اساس نمودار پایپر، تیپ غالب آب‌ها در منطقه کلروره، سولفاته و بی‌کربناته است. در برخی منابع، غلظت نیترات از حد مجاز سازمان بهداشت جهانی (50 میلی گرم در لیتر) فراتر رفته که نشانگر تأثیر فاضلاب شهری و پساب کشاورزی است. نسبت‌های یونی بیانگر نقش فرآیندهای انحلال هالیت و ژیپس و واکنش‌های تبادل یونی در کنترل ترکیب شیمی آب می‌باشد. ارزیابی خطر سلامت نشان داد که هرچند بیشتر منابع برای بزرگسالان در محدوده بی‌خطر قرار دارند، برخی چاه‌ها و قنوات برای نوزادان و کودکان خطرپذیری بالایی دارند. هدف نهایی این پژوهش ارائه یک چارچوب علمی برای درک فرآیندهای زمین‌شیمیایی کنترل‌کننده کیفیت آب و شناسایی مناطق پرخطر جهت برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت پایدار منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت بیرجند است.
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