Engineering Geology

Engineering Geology

Effect of Tunnel Excavation of Tehran Metro Line 6 on Groundwater and Ali Spring in Shahr-e-Rey

Authors
Hamidreza Nassery 1
Koosha Tamimi 1
Farshad Alijani 1
Sadegh Tarigh Azali 2
1 Shahid Beheshti University
2 RahsazTarh Consulting Engineers
10.22034/JEG.2023.17.3.1019511
Abstract
The development of underground transportation activities in cities, such as tunnel boring, may exert short-term or long-term effects on the groundwater and springs of such areas. The construction of the tunnel of Tehran Metro Line 6 (TML6) through alluvium and carbonate rocks of Ali Spring has aroused concern due to the caused fluctuations in discharge and temporary dryness of the spring. The hydrochemical properties of the groundwater and catchment area were investigated to find a connection between the aquifers around the spring and determine the major aquifer feeding it. The estimated volume of water penetrated to the tunnel and the most greatly affected area by the water leakage into the tunnel was determined using analytical methods of water leakage into the tunnel and the DHI method. The statistics for precipitation with the changes in the discharge of the spring before and after the excavation of the metro tunnel were compared to evaluate the changes in the discharge of the spring with the precipitation in the area. The results showed that the metro tunnel excavation has dramatically affected the hydrological system of the area and discharge of the Ali Spring. Moreover, continuing the extraction may produce adverse effects on the discharge of other springs and wells and alter the flow system of the area temporarily or forever.
Keywords
Ali Spring
Tunneling
TBM
Tehran metro line 6
Karst
Hydrochemistry
DHI
Arnell N.W, Krasovskaia I, Gottschalk L, 1993. River flow regimes in Europe. Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data (FRIEND). A. Gustard, Ed., Hydrological Studies. Institute of Hydrology 1: 112–121.
Attard G, Winiarski T, Rossier Y, Eisenlohr L, 2016. Review: impact of underground structures on the flow of urban groundwater. Hydrogeol. J 24: 5–19.
Bavarsad M, Ansari M, 2016. Management and Sustainable Development of the Cultural Landscape Case study of Cheshmeh-Ali (Shahr-e-Rey). J.Env. Sci. Tech 18(2).
Bobylev N, 2009. Mainstreaming sustainable development into a city’s master plan: a case of urban underground space use. Land Use Policy 26(4):1128-1137.
Bonacci O, 1999. Water circulation in karst and determination of catchment areas: example of the River Zrmanja. Hydrol Sci J 44(3):373–386.
Bonacci O, Jukic´ D, Ljubenkov I, 2006. Definition of catchment area in karst: case of the rivers Krcˇic´ and Krka, Croatia. Hydrol Sci J 51(4):682–699.
Bonomi T, Bellini R, 2003. The tunnel impact on the groundwater level in an urban area: a modelling approach to forecast it. MaterGeoenviron 50:45–48.
Boukhemacha, MA, Gogu CR, Serpescu I, Gaitanaru D, Bica I, 2015. A hydrogeological conceptual approach to study urban groundwater flow in Bucharest City. Romania. Hydrogeol J 23:437–450.
Butscher C, 2012. Steady-state groundwater inflow into a circular tunnel. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 32:158–167.
Cesano D, 2001. Water leakage into underground constructions in fractured rocks using geological and hydrological information as a basis for prediction. Phd Thesis at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
Chae G-T, Yun S-T, Choi B-Y, Yu S-Y, Jo H-Y, Mayer B, KimY-J, Le J-Y, 2008. Hydrochemistry of urban groundwater. Seoul. Korea: the impact of subway tunnels on groundwater quality. J Contam Hydrol 101:42–52.
Colombo L, Gattinoni P, Scesi L, 2017. Influence of underground structures and infrastructures on the groundwater level in the urban area of Milan. Italy. Int. J.Sustain. Dev. Plann 12 (1), 176–184.
Croley T. E, Luukkonen C. L, 2003. Potential effects of climate change on ground water in Lansing, Michigan.J. Amer. Water Resour. Assoc. 39: 149–163.
Dassargues A, 1997. Groundwater modelling to predict the impact of a tunnel on the behaviour of a water table aquifer in urban conditions. In: Chilton J (ed) groundwater in the urban environment: problems, processes and management. Proc. of XXVII IAH Congress, Balkema. Rotterdam pp 225–230.
Dematteis A, Kalamaras, A, 2001. A systems approach for evaluation springs drawdown due to tunneling. AITES/ITA World Tunnel Congress. Italy.
Deveughèle M, Zokimila P, Cojean R, 2010. Impact of an impervious shallow gallery on groundwater flow. Bull Eng Geol Environ 69:143–152.
El Tani M, 1999. Water inflow in to tunnels. Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress ITA-AITES pp 61-70.
Emberger L, 1955. Une classification biogéographique des climats recueil. travaux de laboratoire géolo-zoologique. Faculté des sciences. Service botanique. Montpellier 7:3-43.
Fiorillo F, Malik P Hydraulic Behavior of Karst Aquifers (editorial). Water 11:1563p.
Font-Capo J, Vazquez-Suné E, Carrera J, Marti D, Carbonell R, Pérez-Estaun A, 2011. Groundwater inflow prediction in urban tunneling with a tunnel boring machine (TBM). Eng Geol 121:46–54.
Freeze R.A, Cherry J .A, 1979. Groundwater. Englewood Cliffs. NJ.
Gattinoni P, Scesi L, 2010. An empirical equation for tunnel inflow assessment: Application to sedimentary rock masses. Hydrogeol J 18(8):1797-1810.
Gisbert J, Vallejos A, González A, Pulido-Bosch A, 2009. Environmental and hydrogeological problems in karstic terrains crossed by tunnels: a case study. Environmental Geology 58(2): 347–357.
Goodman R.E, Moye D.G, Van Schalkwyk A, Javandel I, 1965. Groundwater inflows during tunnel driving. Engineering Geology 1(1): 39-56.
Ionita, M, Lohmann G, Rimbu N, Chelcea S, 2011. Interannual variability of Rhine River streamflow and its relationship with large-scale anomaly patterns in Spring and Autumn. J. Hydrometeorol 13(1): 172–188.
Jiao Y, 1995. Formalising the system approach to rock engineering. Phd Thesis. Imperial College of Science. Technology and Medicine. University of London.
Karlsrud K, 2001. Water control when tunneling under urban areas in the Olso region. NFF Publ 12(4): 27–33.
Lei S, 1999. An analytical solution for steady flow into a tunnel. Groundwater. 37: 23-26.
Marinos P, Kavvadas M, 1997. Rise of the groundwater table when flow is obstructed by shallow tunnels. In: Groundwater in the urban area: problems processes and management. 27th Cong. Int. Assoc.Hydrogeologists (IAH). Nottingham. UK pp 21–27
Merrick N, Jewell M, 2003. Modelling of the groundwater impact of a sunken urban motorway in Sydney. Australia. Mater Geoenviron 50:229–232.
Olofsson B, 1991. Impact on groundwater conditions by tunneling. A state of the art report. Royal Institute of Technology. Dept of Land and Water Resources. TRITA-KUT 91:1061.
Park K.H, Owatsiriwong A, Lee J.G, 2008. Analytical solution for steady-state groundwater inflow into a drained circular tunnel in a semi-infinite aquifer: a revisit. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 23 (2). 206–209.
Pujades E, Lopez A, Carrera J, Vazquez-Suné E, Jurado A, 2012. Barrier effect of underground structures on aquifers. Eng Geol 145–146:41–49.
RCE (Rahsaztarh conculting engineers), 2018. Geotechnical and Hydrogeological Report of Tehran Metro Line 6 Southern Extension.
Ricci G, Enrione R, Eusebio A, 2007. Numerical modelling of the interference between underground structures and aquifers in urban environment: the Turin subway–Line 1. In: Barták J. Hrdine I. Romancov G. Zlámal D (eds) Underground space. Taylor and Francis. London. pp 1323–1329.
Serrano-Juan A, Pujades E, Vázquez-Suñè E, Velasco V, Criollo R, Jurado A, 2018. Integration of groundwater by-pass facilities in the bottom slab design for large underground structures. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 71: 231–243.
Souza Filho F.A, Lall U, 2003. Seasonal to interannual en-semble streamflow forecasts for Ceara. Brazil: Applications of a multivariate. semiparametric algorithm. Water Resour. Res.39(11):1307.
Vincenzo V, Gargini A, Goldscheider N, 2009. Using tracer tests and hydrological observations to evaluate effects of tunnel drainage on groundwater and surface waters in the Northern Apennines (Italy). Hydrogeology Journal 17(1):135–150.
Walton WC, 1970. Groundwater resources evaluation. Mc Graw Hill Book Co. New York 664p.
Yoo C, 2004. Interaction between tunnelling and groundwater. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 19: 523–524.
Yoo C, Lee Y, Kim S-H, Kim H-T, 2012. Tunnelling-induced ground settlements in a groundwater drawdown environment: a case history. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 29:69–77.