زمین شناسی مهندسی

زمین شناسی مهندسی

ارزیابی هیدروشیمی آب زیرزمینی در آبخوان زرآباد (استان سیستان و بلوچستان) با هدف تعیین کیفیت آب برای مصرف کشاورزی

نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه خوارزمی
2 دانشگاه یزد
چکیده
در این مطالعه، وضعیت هیدروشیمیایی و کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی آبخوان ساحلی زرآباد در جنوب شرق ایران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. فراوانی کاتیون‌­ها و آنیون­‌ها به ترتیب +Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K و -Cl->SO42->HCO3 است. متوسط غلظت EC و TDS به ترتیب بین 922 تا 7140 µS/cm و 545 تا 6426 mg/L است. تیپ آب اکثر نمونه‌­ها Na-Cl (78 درصد) است و دومین تیپ غالب نیز Ca-Mg-Cl (22 درصد) است. تیپ آب، شاخص Chloro-alkaline، نسبت‌­های یونی و موقعیت نمونه‌­ها بر روی نمودار گیبس نشان می‌­دهد که تبادل کاتیونی (مستقیم و معکوس)، هوازدگی سیلیکات‌­ها، تبخیری­‌ها و نفوذ آب شور فرایندهای اصلی کنترل کننده شیمی آب زیرزمینی هستند. نسبت‌­های یونی -SO42-/Cl-، B/Cl- و Na+/Cl نشان می­‌دهد که نفوذ آب شور با فاصله گرفتن از رودخانه رابچ بویژه در قسمت­‌های شمال غربی و جنوب شرقی افزایش می­‌یابد. این می‌­تواند منجر به کاهش کیفیت منابع آب شود. علاوه بر این کیفیت آب برای مصارف کشاورزی بر اساس برخی شاخص­‌ها مانندEC ، درصد سدیم (Na%)، نسبت جذب سدیم (SAR)، کربنات سدیم باقیمانده (RSC)، نسبت جذب منیزیم (MAR)، شاخص نفوذ­پذیری (PI)، نسبت کلی (KR)، نمودار USSL و Wilcox مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان دادند که حدود 60 درصد نمونه‌­ها دارای کیفیت نامناسب برای آبیاری و در قسمت شمال غربی و جنوب شرقی دشت واقع شدند. حدود 40 درصد نمونه‌­ها نیز دارای کیفیت مناسب برای آبیاری و در مجاورت رودخانه رابچ واقع شده است.
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