زمین شناسی مهندسی

زمین شناسی مهندسی

مروری بر خصوصیات ژئوتکنیکی خاکهای آلوده با مواد هیدروکربنی و پسماند حاصل از کارخانه‌های تصفیه روغن سوخته

نویسندگان
دانشگاه قم
چکیده
آلودگی خاک توسط نفت و مشتقات آن علاوه بر تاثیرات مخرب زیست محیطی، بر پارامتر‌های ژئوتکنیکی خاک نیز تاثیر‌گذار ‏است. در اثر فرآیند‌هایی که بین آلاینده و خاک رخ می‌دهد، ساختار و پارامترهای ژئوتکنیکی خاک تغییر می‌کند. در خاک‌های چسبنده، به صورت تغییر در بافت و ساختار خاک است، بطوری که ضخامت لایه دوگانه خاک رس تغییر ‏کرده و خاک ساختاری شبیه به خاک دانه ای پیدا می‌کند. ‏در این پژوهش ابتدا به بررسی تاثیر آلودگی ماده حاصل از پسماند کارخانجات تصفیه روغن سوخته (اسلاج اسیدی و ‏خاک فیلتر) بر رفتار تراکمی و مقاومتی خاک ماسه رس‌دار توسط آزمایش پروکتور و برش مستقیم پرداخته شده است سپس ‏خصوصیات ژئوتکنیکی انواع خاک آلوده به درصدهای مختلف مواد هیدروکربنی در سایر تحقیق ها مورد بررسی، تجزیه و ‏تحلیل قرارگرفته‌است. ‏نتایج نشان می‌دهد تغییرات پارامترهای ژئوتکنیکی خاک‌ها وابسته به نوع خاک، نوع ماده آلوده کننده و مدت زمان آلودگی ‏است که عمده تغییرات زاویه اصطکاک داخلی، نسبت ظرفیت باربری کالیفرنیا و نفوذپذیری خاک به صورت کاهشی و ‏چسبندگی و حدود اتربرگ خاک بصورت افزایشی است. همچنین ‏مقاومت برشی خاک آلوده شده به مواد هیدروکربنی روند ‏تغییرات مشخص و ثابتی نداشته است بطوری که با آلوده ‏شدن به اسلاج اسیدی، با وجود افزایش چسبندگی خاک به دلیل ‏کاهش زاویه اصطکاک داخلی خاک مقاومت برشی ‏خاک کاهش می‌یابد اما با آلوده شدن به خاک فیلتر، بدلیل افزایش زیاد ‏چسبندگی با وجود کاهش زاویه ‏اصطکاک داخلی مقاومت برشی خاک افزایش می‌یابد.
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